Argumentation+Unit



= = = = = Moving from //Persuasion// to //Argument:// =

http://blog.edcite.com/2014/08/28/the-shift-from-persuasion-to-argument/
= =

= = = The Three Primary Elements of an Argument =

** (From //The Uses of Argument//, Steven Toulmin, Cambridge U. Press, 1958) **

 * 1) === ** Claim ** (assertion, proposition -- statements of fact, value, or policy) ===
 * 2) === a statement affirming or denying something ===
 * 3) === the answer to the question "What are you trying to prove?" "What's your point?" - Can be denied (in this context) ===
 * 4) === ** Grounds ** (Support, evidence) ===
 * 5) === material which will convince audience/opponent ===
 * 6) === not likely to be disputed (in this context) OR can be further supported. ===
 * 7) === usually more concrete, often narrower (or a general truth). ===
 * 8) === an answer to the question, "How so?" "Why do you think so?" "Prove it!" ===
 * 9) === It is appropriate for the claim because it is relevant and strong. ===
 * 10) === ** Warrant ** (What links the grounds to the claim; why the grounds is allowed to stand as proof for the claim) ===
 * 11) === A principle of logic or reasoning ===
 * 12) === a recipe or license ===
 * 13) === often a formal rule ===
 * 14) === generally unstated, an assumption that both writer and audience implicitly accept ===
 * 15) ===** the key is that a warrant can apply to many claims and grounds ** . It's not specific to just this situation. ===

EXAMPLE:
> === **Claim**: Joe Smith is a good choice for the position of Appellate Court Judge === > === ** Grounds ** : The American Bar Association recommended Smith as well qualified. === > === ** Warrant ** : (usually unspoken) The ABA is an __authority__ source known as competent to determine who is a good choice for appellate judge positions. ===

= Basic Elements of Argument: Prezi =

= New York Times: Room For Debate Feature =

http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate
= Finding Truth on the Web: Beware of Photoshop! =


 * http://www.slate.com/blogs/behold/2015/07/10/the_bronx_documentary_center_highlights_manipulated_images_in_the_exhibition.html**

Sample essays for argument analysis: College mascots and sororities




Sample Freshman Comp. Essay: Wolves
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/composition/crywolf3.htm